For those who wonder why a "tipping point" matters, or why critical thinkers are now talking about "whole system thinking"...
Tipping point (climatology) – the point beyond which unstable
global climate does not return to a previous equilibrium state but gets more
unstable until it finds a new equilibrium
Tipping point (sociology) - is the event of a previously rare phenomenon
becoming rapidly and dramatically more common
Tipping point (ecology) – exceeding planetary
boundaries, in which living within the boundaries' stable state retains
planetary habitability on Earth
Tipping point (catastrophe theory) - the value of the parameter at which the set of
equilibria abruptly change
Tipping point (civil engineering - angle
of repose) - the maximum angle of a stable slope of granular materials
before it destabilizes
Tipping point (economics) - the
point at which a dominant technology or player defines the standard for an
industry-resulting in an permanent market advantage & "winner-take-all"
economies of scale and scope (market advantage = loss of equilibrium)
{Ed: Tipping
Point (everything) – that point at which the stable state of system parameters,
or system equilibrium, is sufficiently disturbed that the system cannot return
to that steady state (or equilibrium) without significant external influence.
The system will invariably seek a new equilibrium state, that may require
complete annihilation of many previous system factors}
Bifurcation Theory - is the mathematical study of
changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family, such as
the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family
of differential equations. Most commonly applied to the mathematical study of
dynamical systems, a bifurcation occurs
when a small smooth change made to the parameter values (the bifurcation
parameters) of a system causes a sudden 'qualitative' or topological change in
its behavior. Bifurcations occur in both continuous systems (described by
ODEs, DDEs or PDEs), and discrete systems (described by maps).
Catastrophe Theory, a branch of bifurcation theory in the
study of dynamical systems, originated with the work of the French
mathematician René Thom in the 1960s, and became very popular due to the
efforts of Christopher Zeeman in the 1970s, considers the special case where
the long-run stable equilibrium can be identified with the minimum of a smooth,
well-defined potential function (Lyapunov function).
Bifurcation theory
studies and classifies phenomena characterized by sudden shifts in behavior
arising from small changes in circumstances, analyzing how the qualitative
nature of equation solutions depends on the parameters that appear in the
equation. This may lead to sudden and dramatic changes, for example the
unpredictable timing and magnitude of a landslide.
Small changes in
certain parameters of a nonlinear system can cause equilibria to appear or
disappear, or to change from attracting to repelling and vice versa, leading to
large and sudden changes of the behavior of the system. However, examined in a
larger parameter space, catastrophe theory reveals that such bifurcation points
tend to occur as part of well-defined qualitative geometric structures.
Look back at the list above. It
includes climate, physical events, sociology, economics, and is only a part of
what our world system is. Certainly the political systems we are so
vitally interested in here are wrapped up in it all in very complex ways. Here
is what I am driving at: we are now facing a variety of instabilities all
at once.
Again a partial list:
climate change
ocean acidification
climate change
ocean acidification
global warming
pollution
polarized elections
wars
bees and birds, insecticides
agricultural crises
water surplus and drought
economic turmoil
communications, internet, technology
many, many more
bees and birds, insecticides
agricultural crises
water surplus and drought
economic turmoil
communications, internet, technology
many, many more
No one of
these can be studied adequately isolated from the others yet we try so
desperately to do just that. In climate science alone we keep seeing new
things as changes progress that potentially change everything.
Maybe we humans are an
"intelligent" species. Yet we are also arrogant if we believe
the progress briefly described here is enough to adequately deal with what is
coming and seems to be coming faster and faster. Is there an answer?
The only answer is to become as flexible as possible and maybe some
adaptation will be possible.